Earlier last week our new foreign Minister Stephen Smith delivered the news to
Washington that a withdrawal date for troops engaged in combat activities in
Iraq would be set. Notwithstanding this, he stated that, "Australia stands ready
to consider what other avenues of support there may well be to support the
effort in Iraq ... this of course goes to aid matters, it goes to building
Iraq's capacity."
Let me recommend at least one such deserving recipient for this Australian
support. It’s a secular government of a predominately Muslim population in the
Middle East which promotes religious tolerance and women’s rights, has a free
press, free trade unions and conducts free elections. Surely there’s some
mistake I hear you say- after all, we’ve been told for years by a chorus of the
new “realists” both left and right that “stability” trumps all and that such a
phenomenon is a pipe dream.
Sorry to disappoint, but just such a place exists - and in Iraq no less - Iraqi
Kurdistan. Governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraqi Kurdistan boasts
women cabinet members; Shia and Sunni religious leaders who support the
separation of church and state; a growing public health system; free
universities, to which better off Iraqi Arabs, Shia and Sunni send their
children; and vast oil reserves which will be competently managed and exploited
for the benefit of all.
Another (at least) equally propitious event coincided with Mr Smith’s Washington
visit. KRG Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani addressed a conference in Erbil, in
Northern Iraq, on the Anfal Genocide.
From 1987 to 1989, Saddam carried out the genocidal Anfal campaign against
Kurdish civilians, using mass summary executions and disappearances and the
widespread use of chemical weapons. The campaign destroyed some 2,000 villages
and an estimated 180,000 Kurds were killed in the campaign. In March 1988,
Saddam’s air force dropped chemical weapons on the town of Halabja. Between
4,000 and 5,000 Kurds were killed.
In 2005, the bodies of 500 of Saddam’s Kurdish victims were found in mass graves
near Iraq’s border with Saudi Arabia, hundreds of kilometres from the Kurdistan
Region. Last week 371 bodies found in four mass graves near the cities of Mosul,
Dohuk and Sulaimani in the north and Samawa in the south of Iraq were returned
for burial in Sulaimani. The search for the “disappeared” continues.
Barzani said:
The Kurdistan liberation movement ... tried to inform the international
community, the UN, the superpowers, and the Arab and Islamic countries of this
crime since the Anfal campaign in 1987 and 1988. It did this through
declarations, meetings, political and diplomatic channels, conferences,
seminars, gatherings and demonstrations, in countries around the world in order
to publicise and condemn this crime. Apart from various small groups of
intellectuals and peace and freedom loving people, no state or intentional
organisations formally answered our documents. Our demands were ignored.
Barzani didn't say so, but it was worse than this. Saddam's cousin Ali Hassan
al-Majid - the gruesome "Chemical Ali" - was asked in 1998 how he would deal
with the Kurds. He said: "I will kill them all with chemical weapons. Who is
going to say anything? The international community? F**k them!" He did as he
promised, and the international community did nothing.
Barzani’s dry observation was only that the world considered its relations with
Saddam’s regime more important than attempted genocide.
But the Kurds face yet another hurdle in their struggle to overcome Saddam’s
genocidal legacy. After two postponements, in June this year, a referendum will
be held on the status of the Northern Iraqi city of Kirkuk. Historically a major
Kurdish centre, Kirkuk became a centre of “ethnic cleansing” by Saddam. His
motives were clear, Kirkuk just happened to be located over one of the richest
oil deposits in the Middle East. The Ba’athists policy oversaw the forced
expulsion of tens of thousands of Kurds and other non-Arabs and their
replacement by Arab Iraqis, as part of Saddam's drive to “Arabise” parts of
Kurdistan.
But the “High Committee for the Implementation of Article 140”, which was set up
by the Iraqi federal government, has been slow to deal with property claims and
compensation packages and has, as yet, failed to carry out a census.
Many Kurds including KRG lawmakers have expressed understandable frustration at
these delays. Rather than react with the hysterical brutality we have all too
often come to expect from the enemies of secular democracy, the KRG reconciled
itself to the delay because it believed in a peaceful and legal solution. It
should be congratulated for its moderation and a peaceful “Article 140” process
supported and resourced.
Australia’s track record in capacity building on numerous overseas assignments
places it in a special position to offer aid: in the crucial civil society,
infrastructure and institution building. I am certain that it will find an eager
partner and interlocutor in the KRG. It should offer aid and resources to ensure
that a free and fair Kirkuk referendum is properly prepared for, and held.
The Kurdish parties have long been members of the Socialist International - the
organisation of social democratic parties of which the ALP is a long standing
member. Iraqi President - the Kurd Jalal Talabani gave the keynote address to
the last Socialist International Council Meeting in Geneva.
The Kurds of Iraq have been the victims of heartless and ruthless foreign policy
“realism” of the left and right for far too long. It’s time for the forgotten,
displaced and victimised Iraqi Kurds to receive the international solidarity and
tangible support which is their due. What better way to say “sorry” for decades
of international indifference to genocide? What better way to keep alive the
memory of the victims of Anfal? Stephen Smith and Australian Labor should heed
their call.
